NWCG Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior Calculations (S-390) Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which of the following is NOT an input for a fuel model?
• Downslope Winds typically range in speed from:
• What are the three primary inputs for wildland fire behavior calculations in S-390?
• Upslope Winds have a typical speed range of what?
• What do WAF and SF stand for, and what do they adjust?
• What does atmospheric stability measure?
• Selecting appropriate fuel model involves which of the following?
• Define rate of spread (ROS) in S-390 terms.
• How should S-390 results be used to determine a safe location for firing operations or line construction?
• Which items are included in surface observation data?
• Time Lag 1000 hour fuels are typically within which diameter range?
• Sea breeze can locally reach what wind speed on the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California?
• Which of the following is a type of general wind?
• Which type of cloud is associated with instability?
• Unstable Lapse Rate is defined as a lapse rate greater than how many degrees?
• What is the purpose of ASOS?
• Which of the following is a listed type of critical wind?
• What is the difference between dead fuel moisture and live fuel moisture?
• Which wind range corresponds to a sea breeze on the ocean type?
• What is the purpose of RAWS?
• Which wind type is associated with winds moving up the valley?
• How are backing fire, head fire, and flank fire distinguished in terms of spread direction?
• What is a common limitation of S-390 calculations?
• Which is a simple method to estimate ROS without using full Rothermel equations?
• Rothermel's model states that extreme fire behavior is not predicted.
• Which of the following is NOT a listed fuel model system?
• How many types of drought are listed in the material?
• In S-390, what does Energy Release Component (ERC) represent?
• Which data type is essential for representing terrain influences on fire spread?
• How many feet are in one mile?
• Rothermel's surface fire spread model implies that fuels are:
• How do you convert ROS from ft/min to ft/s?
• Time Lag 1000 hour fuels correspond to which diameter range?
• NFDRS characteristics include how many fuel models?
• In a scenario with high winds and gentle slope, what is the expected ROS trend?
• Which wind is NOT listed as a type of critical wind?
• What does backing fire refer to in fire behavior terms?
• Conceptually, how does flame length relate to the rate of spread (ROS) in wildland fire behavior?
• Non-electronic processors include which of the following?
• Which data types are needed to perform an S-390 calculation?
• In S-390, what is a recommended approach to validate your calculation results?
• Which of the following is a non-electronic processor mentioned in the material?
• Which condition is described as causing a fire's rate of spread to double?
• Define Critical Wind in wildfire behavior terms.
• Which cloud type is described as forerunners of fronts?
• Which of the following is a type of wind sheltering?
• In S-390, when is the rate of spread likely to be higher?
• Which cloud type is said to develop into a thunderstorm later in the day?
• How is the Fuel Moisture Content (FMC) percentage calculated?
• A land breeze typically forms after sunset and lasts about how long?
• Which fuel model is included in shrub type fuels?
• Which statement about herbaceous moisture is correct?
• Which statement best defines Equilibrium Moisture Content in dead fuels?
• Which visual indicator is used to update the forecast when high winds are aloft?
• Which item is an input needed for a fuel model?
• Which of the following is a typical calculator or chart used in S-390 calculations?
• Which statement about how slope influences ROS is correct?
• Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects forecast accuracy?
• What is the practical use of S-390 calculations for incident management?
• On a 1:24,000 scale map, how many feet are represented in one inch?
• Which statement describes how field observations contribute to S-390 calculations?
• Which list correctly represents the three categories of Live Fuel Moisture?
• Timber Litter fuels include how many fuel models?
• How many feet are in one chain?
• What type of questions would you expect on the S-390 practice exam?
• If Rise is 60 ft and Run is 240 ft, what is the slope percent?
• Which of the following is listed as a type of local wind?
• What is the unit of fireline intensity in metric terms?
• Which two types of calculators or charts are typical in S-390 calculations?
• What does spotting refer to in wildland fire behavior?
• In the calculation I = H × R, what unit must R be in?
• Down-Valley Winds are typically less than what mph?
• Which option is NOT a type of Local Wind?
• Which statement describes general winds?
• Free Air/Gradient Winds are primarily caused by what?
• Fine Dead Fuel Moisture is typically what percent of relative humidity?
• Among the drought types listed, which trio is correct?
• If 1 inch on a 1:24,000 map equals 2,000 feet on the ground, how many feet on the ground does 2.5 inches correspond to?
• Which statement best describes an unstable atmosphere?
• In the equation I = H × R, what are the units of H?
• How do live fuels affect the energy release component (ERC) differently than dead fuels?
• Which of the following is a visual indicator of stable conditions?
• Flame length can be estimated from simple methods using relationships with which variables?
• What does H (heat release per unit area) physically represent?
• Which statement best describes winds aloft?
• Mid-flame wind speed is approximately what percent of 20 ft winds?
• A Stable Lapse Rate is defined as less than how many degrees?
• Why would a practitioner use S-390 calculations during suppression activities?
• Which fuel type classification has 4 fuel models?
• What does 'dead fuels' mean in wildland fire calculations?
• Which fuel type contains more than three fuel models?
• Shrub type fuels include how many fuel models?
• What is fireline intensity and its units?
• What is a prudent approach when planning with S-390 results?
• ERC is influenced by moisture content of fuels. Which pair of fuel moisture factors is described?
• Wind measures what in an atmosphere?
• CFDRS characteristics include how many fuel models?
• Herbaceous Fuel Moisture is usually the first to respond to moisture stress.
• Which statement best describes a limitation related to input quality?
• Which data type best explains how energy available for combustion influences the rate of spread?
• Which two factors adjust ROS to reflect wind and slope effects?
• Which weather variables are typically included in S-390 calculations?
• What is the purpose of Wind Adjustment Factor (WAF) and Slope Factor (SF) in simple ROS estimation?
• Which of the following best describes the role of fuel models in S-390 calculations?
• Winds aloft are found in which part of the atmosphere?
• Time Lag 10 hour fuels correspond to which diameter range?
• How is fireline intensity calculated from heat release and spread?
• What is the effect of wind on ROS when estimating fire behavior?
• Time Lag 1 hour fuels are typically below what diameter?
• Time Lag 1 hr fuels include materials with which diameter and type?
• What is the number of feet in half a mile based on 1 mile = 5,280 feet?
• Why is unit consistency crucial in S-390 calculations?
• What is FMC?
• Which form is used to determine weather and is associated with remote automated weather stations?
• If you observe a high flame length but moderate ROS, what might that imply about heat transfer?
• Which is NOT a type of drought?
• What is fire behavior prediction in S-390?
• ASOS systems are almost always located at which location?
• What is the purpose of a safety zone?
• What are the typical categories of dead fuel fractions used in S-390 calculations?
• Herbaceous Fuel Moisture refers to which part of a plant?
• USFBPS characteristics include how many fuel models within how many dynamic fuel models?
• Which fuel model is included in timber litter fuels?
• ASOS measures winds at approximately how many feet above ground?
• How does wind direction relative to slope influence the fire's behavior?
• A 20-degree change in temperature causes relative humidity to change by what amount?
• What is the significance of units for H and I in S-390?
• Which statement describes the relationship between H and R in fireline intensity calculation?
• Which drought type is most rapidly affected by changes in precipitation?
• Name a scenario where an over-simplified calculation could mislead suppression decisions.
• How many chains are in one mile?
• Which term is listed as a local wind type along with Slope Winds and Valley Winds?
• Which of the following is a visual indicator of unstable conditions?
• Up-Valley Winds are typically in which speed range?
• Define why topography is important in S-390 calculations.
• How does wind influence ROS in S-390?
• Which statement describes the relationship between rate of spread (ROS) and heat release I when H is constant?
• Rothermel's model describes fire as free burning.
• What is a key concept behind using a baseline ROS in S-390?
• How does slope influence ROS?
• Using the given conversions, how many feet are in 3 miles?
• Which option best describes a comprehensive validation approach for S-390 calculations?
• What is the purpose of using a baseline ROS in S-390?
• What is the recommended use of S-390 results in planning firing operations?
• Which statement best summarizes Rothermel's model implications?
• Which of the following is a type of wind?
• Which is a visual indicator of unstable conditions?
• How does weather (temperature and humidity) influence fuel moisture and thus ROS?
• Grass type fuels include how many fuel models?
• Logging Slash fuels include how many fuel models?
• What does Time Lag refer to in dead fuel moisture calculations?
• Which pressure condition is associated with stable atmospheric conditions?
• Rank the time lag classes from fastest to slowest to reach equilibrium moisture content.
• What is the relationship between the Energy Release Component (ERC) and the heat release per unit area (H)?
• If Wet Weight is 600 g and Dry Weight is 480 g, FMC% is what?
• What happens to ROS when wind increases, according to S-390?
• What safety rule is emphasized when working near fast-moving head fire?
• Name two simple methods for estimating flame length from fire behavior data.
• Which fuel model is included in grass type fuels?
• If H = 3000 Btu/ft^2 and ROS = 60 ft/min, what is I in Btu/ft·s?
• Which is a visual indicator of stable conditions?
• Low Pressure is usually associated with what type of air?
• Which statement best describes a stable atmosphere?
• How might you estimate ROS with limited data?
• Time Lag 100 hour fuels are typically within which diameter range?
• Which quantities are commonly included in S-390 calculation problems besides ROS and flame length?
• What does FMC measure?
• What term best describes Winds aloft and Free Air/Gradient Winds as a group?
• What is a primary purpose of S-390 calculations?
• How would you estimate ROS if you only have wind speed and slope, with no other data?
• Which formula correctly calculates slope percent?
• Which classification lists Grass, Shrub, Timber Litter, and Logging Slash as fuel types?
• Which of the following is NOT a category of Live Fuel Moisture (LFM)?
• What is the definition of Moisture of Extinction (MOE)?
• Which fuel model is included in logging slash fuels?
• Time Lag 10 hour fuels are typically within which diameter range?
• Time Lag 100 hour fuels correspond to which diameter range?